Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) has emerged as an alternative to the next-generation main memories in recent years. NVM has the advantages of non-volatility, byte addressability, and high density. However, ...

Magneto-resistive random access memory (MRAM) is a non-volatile memory technology that relies on the (relative) magnetization state of two ferromagnetic layers to store binary information. Throughout ...

Cache memory significantly reduces time and power consumption for memory access in systems-on-chip. Technologies like AMBA protocols facilitate cache coherence and efficient data management across CPU ...

The advent of cloud computing, deep learning, and AI could revolutionize modern computing, but they've also created scaling problems. The vast majority of databases use a similar architecture: DRAM ...

In a computer, the entire memory can be separated into different levels based on access time and capacity. Figure 1 shows different levels in the memory hierarchy. Smaller and faster memories are kept ...